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Hello world !

 The story of "Hello, World!" is deeply tied to the history of programming and computer science education. Here's a quick rundown of its origins and significance: 1. Origins in Early Programming The phrase "Hello, World!" first appeared in programming literature in the 1970s. It was popularized by Brian Kernighan in his book The C Programming Language (1978), co-authored with Dennis Ritchie , the creator of the C language. However, Kernighan had already used it in an earlier 1972 internal Bell Labs tutorial for the B programming language, a precursor to C. The first recorded "Hello, World!" example in B looked like this: main() { printf("hello, world\n"); } 2. Why "Hello, World!"? Simplicity : It's a small, easy-to-understand program that demonstrates basic syntax. Testing : It's often the first thing programmers write when learning a new language. Debugging : It ensures that the compiler and environm...
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Recommender Systems · Item-Item Models · Conceptual Analysis

SLIM · GL-SLIM · EASE — Conceptual Comparison Recommender Systems · Item-Item Models · Conceptual Analysis SLIM, GL-SLIM & EASE A conceptual comparison of three item-item collaborative filtering models — how they think about the same problem differently Abstract All three models answer the same question: given a user's interaction history, which items should we recommend? They all do it by learning an item-item weight matrix W such that a user's predicted preference vector is X·W . Yet they arrive at radically different solutions — one iterates with gradient descent over thousands of steps, one solves a single linear system in seconds, and one sits between both worlds by adding group-aware local models on top. Understanding why they differ is more useful than memorising their equations. §1 The Shared Foundation Every model in this family makes the same fundamental assumption:...
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Android Layout Types – Visual Guide

Android Layouts – Deep Dive Reference Android Layouts — Deep Dive Side-by-side XML & UI · Attributes · Examples · When to use each LinearLayout RelativeLayout ConstraintLayout FrameLayout TableLayout ScrollView GridLayout ⬇️ LinearLayout android.widget.LinearLayout The simplest layout. All children are arranged in a single direction — either vertical (top→bottom) or horizontal (left→right). Each child follows the next in sequence. You can use layout_weight to distribute space proportionally. ✓ Simple & fast ✓ Predictable ✓ Supports weight ✗ No overlap ✗ Deep nesting = slow Best for: forms, toolbars, lists // Key Attributes android:orientation "vertical" | "horizontal" Direction children are stacked. Default is horizontal. ...
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